The Relationship Between The Power and The Scholars in The Abbasid: The Example of Abū Al-Faraj Ibn Al-Jawzī Abbâsîler Dönemi İktidar-Ulemâ İlişkileri: Ebü’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî Örneği

In the history of Islam, it is seen that since the Umayyads, the relations between the power and the scholars have increased their influence in both religious and political fields. During the Abbasid period, these relations went further and constituted a factor in the political and religious shaping of society, as can be seen in the mihna events. As in the previous periods of the Abbasids, in the period after the first five centuries of the Hijri, the power and the scholars interacted. These relations were intensely experienced in 6. century of the Hijri, the relations between Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) and the elements of power are remarkable. Since Baghdad was the center of the caliphate from its foundation until the fall of the Abbasid State, the scientific level was at a high level, and Ibn al-Jawzī, Muhammad Ibn Hasen Mawardī (d. 525/1130), Ibn al-Zāgūnī (d. 527/1132) and Abū Nasr al-Jawalikī (d. 540/1145) he was able to receive education from such famous scholars. The fact that the city benefited from these scientific opportunities to the maximum extent pavend the way for it to become famous in the eyes of statesmen and the people. In particular, his presence in joint scientific majlises with the Vizier Ibn Hubayra (d. 560/1165), who was engaged in scientific activities, enabled him to establish close relations with the caliphs. This study reveals how political administration directed the scientific activities of scholars in the example of Ibn al-Jawzī, who witnessed the period of power of about six caliphs. Thus, it is aimed to consider the political, cultural, and historical background of the scientific activities and the works they wrote of the scholars who lived in the Abbasid period in the 6. century of the Hijri with a holistic perspective. In this context, in parallel with the history, tabakât and vefeyât works dealing with the 6. century of the Hijri, the information that Ibn al-Jawzī mentioned in his owen works on the opinions of contemporary scholars about him and his relations with the state authorities has been discussed. However, with the change in the balances in the elements of power, the power approach to Ibn al-Jawzī was revealed in a comparative way with the attitudes of the former state officials. In this study, it was determined that the government supported Ibn al-Jawzī, whom he wanted to have an impact on society in terms of faith and morality, on various occasions as a result of his efforts in this direction. This support was provided to make the Hanbalī teachings, which the state wanted to keep in the foreground, prevail and combat the Shiite-Rafida currents. However, during the period of Nāṣir li- Dīnillāh (575-622/1180-1225), which he witnessed in the last years of his life, Ibn al-Jawzī was sentenced to exile as a result of the provocation of the caliph by the Wazir Ibn al-Qassāb, who had a Shia mentality. This situation reveals that the scientific activities of a scientist are supported by following the religious and political tendencies of the government, or otherwise, they are prevented. In addition, the study explained the role played by Baghdad, Ibn al-Jawzī rarely left until his death, and the scientific environment in which he grew up in relations with the state authorities. Thus, in the example of Ibn al-Jawzī, the effects of the political and socio-cultural conditions of the 6. century of the Hijri on the activities of scientists were revealed by examining them more closely.