This study examines the mukataa system, a fundamental component of the Ottoman Empire’s financial administration during the first half of the 18th century. The study focuses on the Karakeçili Mukataa (tax farm), which is considered the first to be sold in the Ankara region as a settled revenue unit, functioning under the broader framework of the Yörükân Mukataa. This research aims to provide concrete data regarding the system’s provincial operation and analyze, on a local scale, the deficiencies in the general structure of the mukataa system through the challenges encountered. The study initially addresses the financial control and social integration processes of nomadic communities, an integral part of Ottoman rural life. The Karakeçili tribe, belonging to the Kayı clan, dispersed to various regions of Anatolia starting from the 15th century, with a segment settling around Ankara. In this context, the position of nomads within Ottoman society is discussed, and the tribe’s place within the mukataa system is elaborated. Efforts by the Ottoman state to establish central authority in the provinces are evaluated through taxation and registration mechanisms. Within the framework of the Karakeçili mukataa example, the study explores the implementation of the iltizam and malikâne methods, the revenue items of the mukataa and the irregularities faced in collecting these revenues. Furthermore, revenue losses caused by factors such as declines in the mukataa’s financial value and the migration movements of the Karakeçili tax paying subject are analyzed. The primary objective of this study is to illuminate issues such as jurisdictional conflicts, demands for tax exemption, and the abuse of military status that emerged within the Karakeçili mukataa. These issues are examined in the context of increasing financial problems and supervisory weaknesses in provincial administration during the early 18th century, drawing upon data from Ankara Sharia court records and relevant literature. This research aims to contribute to understanding the reflections of the Ottoman financial system in the provinces, the economic and administrative integration processes of nomadic communities, and the legal, administrative, and financial challenges faced by the state in these processes, through a concrete case study.