This study examines Salah Abd al-Fattah al-Khalidi’s interpretation of the Surah Muhammad (Qitāl) within the framework of his work al-Tafsīr al-Mawḍū’ī bayn al-Naẓariyya wa’l-Taṭbīq (“Thematic Exegesis Between Theory and Practice”). In this context, it aims to reveal both the theoretical background and the practical application of al-Khalidi’s thematic tafsir method. The exegete structures the surah into an introduction (muqaddima), four thematic lessons (dars), and a conclusion (khatima). He also draws attention to the deeper layers of meaning in the surah through a section titled lataif (subtle points), in which he offers insightful observations. Al-Khalidi begins his tafsir by discussing the names of the surah, noting that it appears in the Qur’ān under three different titles: Surah Muhammad, Surah Qitāl (Combat), and Surah al-Ladhīna Kafarū (Those Who Disbelieve). In addition, under the heading of identifying the ijtihādī (interpretative) name of the surah, he puts forward his personal judgment and suggests that the surah may also be called “Surah al-Jihād” (The Chapter of Struggle), emphasizing that each name reflects dominant themes in the surah’s content. He then provides information about the time, place, and historical context of the surah’s revelation. In this framework, he analyzes how the atmosphere conveyed in the surah relates to the structure of the Muslim community and the challenges it faced. In connection with this, he explores the “identity” of the surah by detailing the characteristics of the devout and militant believers (mujāhidūn), and the behaviors of disbelievers and hypocrites. He clarifies how these three groups diverge in terms of faith, methodology, and orientation. The surah is examined around four central themes: jihād, the struggle between faith and disbelief, hypocrisy and awareness of the Hereafter, and legal rulings regarding jihād. The verses prominently highlight concepts such as militant awareness, patience, almsgiving (infāq), loyalty, and trust in God. According to al-Khalidi, faith is not merely a passive internal acceptance, but an active responsibility that begins within the individual and manifests as a struggle in the social sphere. Thus, the surah refers to both the external (against disbelievers) and internal (against hypocrites) dimensions of struggle, emphasizing that war and resistance take place within the framework of divine trial and sunnat Allāh (the way of God). Al-Khalidi’s tafsir approach is notably influenced by the thought of Sayyid Qutb. His Qur’ān-centered interpretive model sees the thematic tafsir method as a functional and effective means of addressing the intellectual and societal crises faced in the modern era. In this regard, the tafsir of Surah Muhammad is not merely a classical exegetical endeavor, but also a Qur’ānic orientation that offers guidance to contemporary Muslims. Moreover, this study aims to make an original contribution to the field by demonstrating how a theoretically grounded method of thematic exegesis can be practically applied to the interpretation of a specific surah.