Sigmund Freud is widely recognized in the literature as the founder of psychoanalysis. Thus, numerous articles, books, and scholarly works have been written about his ideas across the disciplines of psychology, philosophy, and sociology. A close examination of Freud’s own writings reveals that he frequently employs philosophical and mythological concepts in his theoretical terminology. The notions of Eros and Thanatos serve as notable examples. This study aims to analyze Freud’s perspective on religion within the framework of philosophical and sociological foundations, particularly in the context of the concept of civilization. The research employs qualitative methods, specifically textual analysis. Sigmund Freud states that civilization offers people security, order, and progress, and that the purpose of civilization is to protect individuals from the threats of nature and to regulate interpersonal relationships. However, in order to maintain this order, individuals’ instinctual desires (especially aggression and sexuality) must be repressed. According to Freud, civilization can exist only through such repression. He argues that the strength of the cultural superego is crucial for the continuation of civilization, and that religion plays a significant role in maintaining this strength. For Freud, religion is portrayed as a consolation for the individual who struggles to bear the burdens of life. It is observed that people’s search for eternity, justice, and the meaning of life, as well as their feelings of helplessness, are addressed by religion. Religion is known to promise that good deeds will be rewarded and evil deeds will be punished. This promise is thought to provide comfort to individuals and to encourage them to comply with religious commandments. In this context, it is understood that the demands of religion and those of civilization show similarities. According to Freud, religion has rendered great services to human civilization. The findings of the study reveal that Freud was significantly influenced (both philosophically and sociologically) by many thinkers, including Marx. Religion can also be considered an area in which these influences are reflected. Religion can be considered functional in terms of contributing to the domestication of anti-social instincts.